Meristems are classified by their location in the plant as apical located at root and shoot tips, lateral in the vascular and cork cambia, and intercalary at internodes, or stem regions between the places at which leaves attach, and leaf bases, especially of certain monocotyledonse. In vitro culture of meristems and the establishment of micropropagation protocols are important tools for solving these problems. As for the operation course, the isolation, culture and raising of the apical meristem system, and inspection of virus are standard procedures. The propagation from meristematic tissue generally provides a method of cleaning up material from viruses and other systemic pathogen infections. Meristem culture and subsequent micropropagation of chilean. Two different garlic species allium sativum and allium tuncelianum and two different. The apical meristem together with one to three young leaf primordia, measuring 0. In crops vegetatively propagated, virus infection of plants is a problem that can reduce production to noneconomical levels. Culture growth environments modulating these factorscomponents is the basis for successful culturing, including regulating growth and development. Slant the media as it cools so water does not settle around the meristem tip. Among the culture techniques, meristem tip culture is the most reliable method for virus and other pathogen elimination. Two different garlic species allium sativum and allium tuncelianum and. Success in meristemtip culture depends on a large number of.
While on media, some meristems remained white while others turned dark brown after a day of culture. Each group will prepare one or two of the following media. Meristem of these varieties of potato were cultured for shoot proliferation and root induction in ms and ms 0 medium supplemented with different types and concentration of. The following plant parts are extensively used in commercial micropropagation. Among the culture techniques, meristemtip culture is the most reliable method for virus and other pathogen elimination.
The capacity of plant tissue culture laboratories in. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Anther culture is the popular method of tissue culturing which is used for the production of haploid plantlets from the unopened buds by sterilization and culturing methods. The tissue culture banana plantlets are available in net pots with a height of 12 cm approximately with 34 leaves from commercial laboratories primary nurseries. High pure viral nucleid acid kit was used for rna extraction of garlic samples. Therefore, considering the above facts, the present study was undertaken with the following objectives. Production of virusfree plants by means of meristem culture. There is great interest in the phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic changes associated with plant in vitro culture known as somaclonal variation. Plant tissue culture terminology adventitiousdeveloping from unusual points of origin, such as shoot or root tissues, from callus or embryos, from sources other than zygotes. Meristem plants produce many more daughter plants than are produced by conventionallypropagated plants. Low cost options for tissue culture technology in developing. Banana tissue culture information guide for beginners agri.
Use of tissue culture techniques for producing virusfree. In forage grasses, this tissue culture technique obviously has. There are useful repotato in vitro culture techniques and biotechnology. Meristem culture culture of apical meristem dome 0. Morel and martin 1952 developed the technique of meristem culture for in vivo virus eradication of dahlia. According to these results, we worked out a system for meristem regeneration, elongation and rooting, and prepared the protocol for production of mature bean.
Cloves of garlic were waited in 25% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes for surface sterilization and washed 45 times with sterile water. Among the prevalent tissue culture techniques of agricultural and horticultural promise, meristem and shoot tip culture has been exploited at a much wider scale primarily due to its application in diverse areas such as rapid clonal multiplication of vegetatively propagated crop plants, virus elimination and germplasm preservation of both vegetatively and seed propagated crops kartha. Genetic transformation of cells enables very specific information to. Jun 27, 2017 morel and martin 1952 developed the technique of meristem culture for in vivo virus eradication of dahlia. In the below mentioned article, we will discuss about the meaning, principle, protocol and importance of the shoot tip meristem culture in different fields of plant science. Thus, meristematic tissue culture is an appealing technique to eliminate pathogenic bacteria, fungus, and viruses carried by adult plants. Meristem shoot tips of 19 cultivars of cotton were cultured on several media formulations and assessed for shoot and root development. Primary nursery tissue culture plants of banana plantlets. The regeneration of bean plants from meristem culture zobodat. Pdf a simple procedure of gossypium meristem shoot tip. Apical meristem appears as a shiny dome under the light microscope fig 1a. Euro biotechnology seed culture a successful method for. In an effort to adopt the meristem tip culture technique for the production of virusfree planting material of a local sweet potato cv brondal, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of.
It is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. Results in this context, we studied the cultivation of meristems and establishment of a micropropagation protocol for f. A meristem is a tissue in plants that consists of undifferentiated cells meristematic cells capable of cell division. In vitro meristem culture and regeneration of three potato. Autoclave medium scalpels, forceps, cutting plates, and magenta boxes fig. When virus or bacteria elimination is needed, meristemtip culture is the preferred option. For rapid multiplication, a relatively larger explants 310 mm is desirable despite its higher susceptibility to blackening and contamination. These tissue cultured plantlets are packed in open cartons and transported to the required area through trucks or minivans. Meristem micropropagation of cassava manihot esculenta. In vitro propagation systems that are based on the use of microcuttings or meristem cultures are considered analogous to clonal cuttings and so widely viewed to be largely free from such somaclonal effects. This system of propagation, in addition to being slow, can spread plant diseases, particularly serious being viral.
Saurabh bhatia, kiran sharma, in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, 2015. In this content, history, definition, objective, methods, protocol and the. Micropropagation through meristem culture springerlink. Modifications of new cells to form tissues or organs with a specific function. Plant tissue culture is an essential component of plant biotechnology offering novel approaches to plant production, propagation and preservation.
This study was performed for comparison of meristem culture technique with shoot tip culture technique for obtaining virusfree plant, comparison of micropropagation success of two different nutrient media, and determination of effectiveness of realtime pcr assay for the detection of viruses. Explanttissue taken from its original site and transferred to an artificial medium. Sixty in vitro plants 15 of them from meristem culture of a. Transfer meristem tips to the culture medium on the end of the instrument such that the meristem tip is half immersed in medum. Plant tissue culture is used widely in the plant sciences, forestry, and in horticulture. These tissue cultured plantlets are packed in open cartons and transported to the required area through. An efficient protocol for culturing meristems of sorghum. For the primary establishment of in vitro meristem culture from field grown plant, surface sterilization of shoot tips was carried out with 0.
A meristem plant is the term used in industry to refer to a plant grown in tissue culture from a meristem tip. The main problems for establishing a successful protocol for micropropagation are associated with the browning or yellowing of nutrient medium due to the exudation of phenolics into the medium as a. Preparation of tissue culture media jan 28, 2009 1. Orchid cymbidium was micropropagated using this culture by morel in 1965. Establishment of a standard protocol for in vitro meristem. In order to produce virus free potato tuber seeds in vitro culture was established using apical meristem of four widely cultivated varieties of bangladesh namely diamant, cardinal, multa and lalpakri. In this content, history, definition, objective, methods, protocol and the factors influencing the anther culture is explained. Meristem, region of cells capable of division and growth in plants. Shoot tip culture may be described as the culture of terminal 0. Meristem culture is the in vitro culture of a generally shiny special domelike structure measuring less than 0.
Meristem culture in vitro is used for the elimination of viruses and related pathogens from a large number of vegetatively propagated plants and it is the main method used in plant virus elimination programs. Establishment of a standard protocol for in vitro meristem culture. Key parameters for manipulation of plant tissue culture. During the meristem excision process, the basal tissue surface was initially white, and then turned reddish brown when exposed to oxygen. Indeed, virus particles located in the phloem probably cannot invade the meristematic tissues because there is no cell differentiation in this zone.
About 90% of explants were found healthy and free of contamination when the shoot tips were treated for 3 min. Plant tissue culture terminology differentiatedcells that maintain, in culture, all or much of the specialized structure and function typical of the cell type in vivo. A simple procedure of gossypium meristem shoot tip culture. The shoot apical meristem is comprised of the leaf primordia, which turn into leaves, and the apical dome. Cauliflower florets in particular give excellent results since they can be grown into a complete plant in the basic tissue culture media, without the need for additional growth or root hormones.
Virus free potato tuber seed production through meristem. Mori k, hosokawa d 1977 localization of viruses in apical meristem and production of virusfree plants by means of meristem and tissue culture. Foundation plant services guide to the strawberry clean. Mar 17, 2020 meristem, region of cells capable of division and growth in plants. After a week, shoot meristems were transferred to six different culture media. Meristem culture is used for shoot apical meristem culture in vitro. Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods micropropagation is used to multiply plants such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation. In case of bbtv, known to be phloemassociated 8, meristem culture from. Differentiated plant cells generally cannot divide or produce cells of a. Green shoots are generally observable within three weeks, and roots develop within six weeks. Aug, 2015 there is great interest in the phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic changes associated with plant in vitro culture known as somaclonal variation. An efficient protocol for culturing meristems of sorghum hybrids.
Meristem culture is the most effective procedure for the eradication of phloemassociated viruses. Factors such as culture medium explant size and culture storage influence the virus eradication. Banana tissue culture information guide for beginners. The optimal size of the explants depends on the purpose. The apical meristem sections without leaf primordia were excised to a range of 0. Among the prevalent tissue culture techniques of agricultural and horticultural promise, meristem and shoot tip culture has been exploited at a much wider scale primarily due to its application in diverse areas such as rapid clonal multiplication of vegetatively propagated crop plants, virus elimination and germplasm preservation of both vegetatively and seed propagated. The physiological stage of the explants also affects virus elimination by. Meristem culture was developed by morel and martin in 1952 for rivers eliminating from dahlia 5. It is also used to provide a sufficient number of plantlets for planting from a. This technique also refers to shoot tip or apical meristem culture.
Shoots develop from a small group of cells known as shoot apical meristem. Plant tissue culture the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. In addition, heat treatment before or during culture significantly influences the efficiency of this technique. This, however, requires good knowledge of plant pathology and tissue culture. Micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture techniques allows the production of large numbers of uniform individuals of species from limited starting material 6. Foundation plant services guide to the strawberry clean plant. Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Pdf meristem culture and subsequent micropropagation of. The role of plant tissue culture to supply disease free. Meristems give rise to various tissues and organs of a plant and are responsible for growth.
Virusfree plants exhibit increased growth and vigour of plants, higher yield e. In this protocol, a standard procedure is presented for isolation of meris terns from apical buds. Jan 04, 2010 the optimal size of the explants depends on the purpose. It reduces the risk of transferring contaminants into the culture tube along with the meristem tip. Scholar department of genetics and plant breeding igkv, raipur 2.
Micropropagation and meristem culture has recently become an important technique, particularly with vegetative propagated species. Tissueculture medium for shoot growth based on damasco and barbas 1984 recipe. The main reasons for producing meristem plants are to eliminate pathogens from planting material and to reinvigorate plants. Weland in the summer of 1974 the author conducted a program of meristem tip culture for the purpose of developing a procedure to recover healthy stock from virus infected dahlias in a home environment. Application of biotechnology in plant disease management importance, production of pathogen free plants through tissue culture techniques in modern terms biotechnology. The commercial production of plants used as potting, landscape, and florist subjects, which uses meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals. Shoots of all angiosperms and gymnosperms grow by virtue of their apical meristems. Micropropagation is a tissue culture in vitro method used. The propagation from meristematic tissue generally provides a method of cleaning up material. In 1952 morel and martin were the first scientists who developed the technique of meristem culture for invivo virus eradication of dahlia. Orchid cymbidium was micropropagated using meristem culture by morel in. A robust protocol for culturing meristems of sorghum is required to assist with rapid genetic improvement of the genus. When virus or bacteria elimination is needed, meristem tip culture is the preferred option. Potato in vitro culture techniques and biotechnology.
In order to develop transgenic plants via the biolistic gun method regenerable embryogenic tissues are required. The main problems for establishing a successful protocol for micropropagation are associated with the browning or yellowing of. Application of biotechnology in plant disease management. Meristem culture and subsequent micropropagation of. Meristem culture for micropropagation and in vitro germplasm storage has been. With the increasing number of days in the culture medium containing essential growth regulators, the excised meristem dome develops. It is well known that the distribution of viruses in plants is uneven. Plant tissue culture ptc technique meristem culture. Agar is generally used at a concentration of 612 gliter.
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